{"id":3388,"date":"2026-10-27T10:20:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T17:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/learn\/glossary\/"},"modified":"2026-10-27T10:20:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T17:20:00","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/learn\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossaire de cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"m212x\" id=\"m212-glossary\">\n<style>\n.m212x{--bg:#0a0f15;--panel:#0f1720;--panel2:#121c27;--line:#1f2d3a;--line2:#2a3b4b;--ink:#e6edf3;--mute:#9fb0c0;--green:#3ee6a0;--red:#ff5468;--cyan:#3cc8f0;--amber:#f6b544;--violet:#a98bff;\n font-family:Inter,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.6;font-size:16px}\n.m212x *{box-sizing:border-box}\n.m212x h2,.m212x h3,.m212x h4,.m212x p,.m212x ul,.m212x ol{margin:0}\n.m212x a{color:var(--cyan)}\n.m212x .hero{position:relative;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 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class=\"hero\"><div class=\"kick\">MAG212 CYBER \u00b7 Learn<\/div><h2>Cybersecurity glossary, <span>in plain English.<\/span><\/h2><p>45 essential terms explained simply. Type to filter.<\/p><\/section>\n<section class=\"sec\">\n<input type=\"search\" id=\"m212gq\" placeholder=\"Search terms, e.g. phishing, CVE, ransomware\" aria-label=\"Search the glossary\">\n<p class=\"small\" id=\"m212gc\" style=\"margin:10px 0 6px\"><\/p>\n<style>.m212x .gt{padding:14px 2px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.m212x .gt b{font-size:16.5px}.m212x .gt p{color:var(--mute);margin:4px 0 0;font-size:15px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"m212gl\"><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"advanced persistent threat (apt) a skilled, well-resourced attacker, often state-linked, that stays hidden in a network for a long time to steal data or spy.\"><b>Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)<\/b><p>A skilled, well-resourced attacker, often state-linked, that stays hidden in a network for a long time to steal data or spy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"attack surface everything an attacker could target: internet-facing services, devices, accounts, software and people.\"><b>Attack surface<\/b><p>Everything an attacker could target: internet-facing services, devices, accounts, software and people.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"backdoor a hidden way into a system that bypasses normal authentication, planted by an attacker or left by mistake.\"><b>Backdoor<\/b><p>A hidden way into a system that bypasses normal authentication, planted by an attacker or left by mistake.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"botnet a network of infected devices remotely controlled by an attacker, often used for spam or ddos attacks.\"><b>Botnet<\/b><p>A network of infected devices remotely controlled by an attacker, often used for spam or DDoS attacks.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"brute-force attack guessing passwords or keys by trying huge numbers of combinations automatically.\"><b>Brute-force attack<\/b><p>Guessing passwords or keys by trying huge numbers of combinations automatically.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"certificate authority (ca) an organisation trusted to issue the digital certificates that prove a website&#x27;s identity (the padlock in your browser).\"><b>Certificate authority (CA)<\/b><p>An organisation trusted to issue the digital certificates that prove a website&#x27;s identity (the padlock in your browser).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"cisa kev the us cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency&#x27;s catalogue of vulnerabilities confirmed to be exploited in the wild.\"><b>CISA KEV<\/b><p>The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency&#x27;s catalogue of vulnerabilities confirmed to be exploited in the wild.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"credential stuffing using usernames and passwords leaked from one site to break into accounts on other sites.\"><b>Credential stuffing<\/b><p>Using usernames and passwords leaked from one site to break into accounts on other sites.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"cve common vulnerabilities and exposures: a unique public id for a specific security flaw, such as cve-2026-110264.\"><b>CVE<\/b><p>Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures: a unique public ID for a specific security flaw, such as CVE-2026-110264.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"cvss common vulnerability scoring system: a 0\u201310 rating of a flaw&#x27;s technical severity.\"><b>CVSS<\/b><p>Common Vulnerability Scoring System: a 0\u201310 rating of a flaw&#x27;s technical severity.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"cwe common weakness enumeration: a catalogue of software mistake types, such as cwe-79 cross-site scripting.\"><b>CWE<\/b><p>Common Weakness Enumeration: a catalogue of software mistake types, such as CWE-79 cross-site scripting.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"ddos distributed denial of service: overwhelming a website or network with traffic from many sources to knock it offline.\"><b>DDoS<\/b><p>Distributed denial of service: overwhelming a website or network with traffic from many sources to knock it offline.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"deepfake ai-generated audio, image or video that convincingly imitates a real person.\"><b>Deepfake<\/b><p>AI-generated audio, image or video that convincingly imitates a real person.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"edr endpoint detection and response: software that monitors computers for malicious behaviour and helps respond to it.\"><b>EDR<\/b><p>Endpoint detection and response: software that monitors computers for malicious behaviour and helps respond to it.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"encryption scrambling data so only someone with the right key can read it.\"><b>Encryption<\/b><p>Scrambling data so only someone with the right key can read it.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"epss exploit prediction scoring system: estimates the probability a vulnerability will be exploited in the next 30 days.\"><b>EPSS<\/b><p>Exploit Prediction Scoring System: estimates the probability a vulnerability will be exploited in the next 30 days.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"exploit code or a technique that takes advantage of a vulnerability.\"><b>Exploit<\/b><p>Code or a technique that takes advantage of a vulnerability.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"firewall a control that allows or blocks network traffic based on rules.\"><b>Firewall<\/b><p>A control that allows or blocks network traffic based on rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"incident response the organised process of detecting, containing, investigating and recovering from a security incident.\"><b>Incident response<\/b><p>The organised process of detecting, containing, investigating and recovering from a security incident.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"indicator of compromise (ioc) evidence that a system may have been breached, such as a malicious ip address, domain or file hash.\"><b>Indicator of compromise (IOC)<\/b><p>Evidence that a system may have been breached, such as a malicious IP address, domain or file hash.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"infostealer malware that harvests passwords, browser cookies, crypto wallets and other credentials.\"><b>Infostealer<\/b><p>Malware that harvests passwords, browser cookies, crypto wallets and other credentials.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"lateral movement an attacker moving from the first compromised machine to others inside the network.\"><b>Lateral movement<\/b><p>An attacker moving from the first compromised machine to others inside the network.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"malware malicious software, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware and spyware.\"><b>Malware<\/b><p>Malicious software, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware and spyware.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"mfa \/ two-step verification requiring a second proof of identity, such as an app code or passkey, in addition to a password.\"><b>MFA \/ two-step verification<\/b><p>Requiring a second proof of identity, such as an app code or passkey, in addition to a password.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"passkey a phishing-resistant replacement for passwords, using cryptographic keys stored on your device.\"><b>Passkey<\/b><p>A phishing-resistant replacement for passwords, using cryptographic keys stored on your device.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"patch an update that fixes a bug or vulnerability.\"><b>Patch<\/b><p>An update that fixes a bug or vulnerability.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"penetration test an authorised, simulated attack to find weaknesses before real attackers do.\"><b>Penetration test<\/b><p>An authorised, simulated attack to find weaknesses before real attackers do.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"phishing fraudulent messages that trick people into revealing information, paying money or installing malware.\"><b>Phishing<\/b><p>Fraudulent messages that trick people into revealing information, paying money or installing malware.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"privilege escalation gaining higher permissions than intended, for example from a normal user to administrator.\"><b>Privilege escalation<\/b><p>Gaining higher permissions than intended, for example from a normal user to administrator.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"ransomware malware that encrypts or steals data and demands payment for its return or for silence.\"><b>Ransomware<\/b><p>Malware that encrypts or steals data and demands payment for its return or for silence.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"remote code execution (rce) a flaw that lets an attacker run their own code on a target system from a distance.\"><b>Remote code execution (RCE)<\/b><p>A flaw that lets an attacker run their own code on a target system from a distance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"sandbox an isolated environment for running untrusted code or files safely.\"><b>Sandbox<\/b><p>An isolated environment for running untrusted code or files safely.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"siem security information and event management: a platform that collects and analyses logs to detect threats.\"><b>SIEM<\/b><p>Security information and event management: a platform that collects and analyses logs to detect threats.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"smishing phishing by sms text message.\"><b>Smishing<\/b><p>Phishing by SMS text message.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"soc security operations centre: the team that monitors and responds to security events.\"><b>SOC<\/b><p>Security operations centre: the team that monitors and responds to security events.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"social engineering manipulating people, rather than technology, to gain access or information.\"><b>Social engineering<\/b><p>Manipulating people, rather than technology, to gain access or information.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"supply-chain attack compromising a trusted supplier, software package or update to reach that supplier&#x27;s customers.\"><b>Supply-chain attack<\/b><p>Compromising a trusted supplier, software package or update to reach that supplier&#x27;s customers.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"threat intelligence evidence-based knowledge about attackers, their tools and their behaviour, used to improve defences.\"><b>Threat intelligence<\/b><p>Evidence-based knowledge about attackers, their tools and their behaviour, used to improve defences.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"two-factor fatigue (mfa bombing) flooding a user with login approval prompts until they accept one by mistake.\"><b>Two-factor fatigue (MFA bombing)<\/b><p>Flooding a user with login approval prompts until they accept one by mistake.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"vishing voice phishing: scams carried out by phone call, increasingly with ai-cloned voices.\"><b>Vishing<\/b><p>Voice phishing: scams carried out by phone call, increasingly with AI-cloned voices.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"vpn virtual private network: an encrypted tunnel for network traffic.\"><b>VPN<\/b><p>Virtual private network: an encrypted tunnel for network traffic.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"vulnerability a weakness in software, hardware or process that an attacker could exploit.\"><b>Vulnerability<\/b><p>A weakness in software, hardware or process that an attacker could exploit.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"waf web application firewall: filters malicious web traffic before it reaches an application.\"><b>WAF<\/b><p>Web application firewall: filters malicious web traffic before it reaches an application.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"zero trust a security model that never assumes trust based on network location, and verifies every user and device every time.\"><b>Zero trust<\/b><p>A security model that never assumes trust based on network location, and verifies every user and device every time.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"gt\" data-k=\"zero-day a vulnerability that attackers know about before a fix is available.\"><b>Zero-day<\/b><p>A vulnerability that attackers know about before a fix is available.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"small\" id=\"m212gn\" style=\"display:none;margin-top:12px\">No matching terms. Try another word.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"help\"><div><div class=\"kick\" style=\"margin-bottom:4px\">Need expert help?<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;margin:0\"><b>MAG212 CYBER<\/b> offers network and cybersecurity consultation, plus security seminars for organisations around the world.<\/p><\/div>\n<a class=\"cta\" href=\"\/services\/\">Explore our services \u2192<\/a><\/div>\n<script>\n(function(){var q=document.getElementById('m212gq');if(!q)return;var items=document.querySelectorAll('#m212gl .gt'),c=document.getElementById('m212gc'),n=document.getElementById('m212gn');\nfunction f(){var v=q.value.trim().toLowerCase(),k=0;Array.prototype.forEach.call(items,function(it){var show=!v||it.getAttribute('data-k').indexOf(v)>-1;it.style.display=show?'':'none';if(show)k++;});c.textContent=k+' of '+items.length+' terms';n.style.display=k?'none':'block';}\nq.addEventListener('input',f);f();})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>45 essential cybersecurity terms in plain English.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3385,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3388","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_hostinger_reach_plugin_has_subscription_block":false,"_hostinger_reach_plugin_is_elementor":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3388\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cyber.mag212.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}